What are Genetically Modified Organism? | Biology | Extraclass.com

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This video will help you to learn What are Genetically Modified Organisms?

What are Genetically Modified Organisms?

How many different colored roses have you seen?

Have you ever wondered how do they attain these different colors…..

In this video, we will study about genetically modified organisms.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are any organism, whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

They are used to produce medicines, genetically modified food and in scientific research.

Examples of genetically modified varieties are:

1) Golden Rice

The rice variety (Oryza sativa) was modified with daffodil genes, which synthesize more beta-carotene in which our body converts to vitamin A.

2) Flavr savr tomatoes

It is the first commercially grown genetically modified food to be granted a license for human consumption.

It is modified by adding an antisense gene to slow down the ripening process, thus preventing it from softening.

Antisense gene interferes with the production of the enzyme polygalacturonase.

This enzyme normally degrades pectin in the cell walls and results in the softening of fruit which makes them more susceptible to being damaged by fungal infections.

3) BT Maize

Maize plant was modified with genes of a bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis to synthesize delta protein which is responsible for resistance against insects.

As the insect eats the kernel, delta protein is activated in the gut that results in paralysis of the digestive system of the insect.

The insect stops eating within a few hours and eventually starves.

4) Aquadvantage salmon

Atlantic salmon modified by growth hormone-regulating gene from a Pacific chinook salmon.


This gene increases the speed at which fish grows without affecting its size and other qualities in 16 to 18 months rather than 3 years.

5) Genetically modified Potato

Potatoes were modified using RNA interference to switch off genes to resist black spots, bruising, browning and to produce low levels of amino acid Asparagine, that converts into acrylamide during frying of potatoes.


Other examples of genetically modified organisms include

BT. cotton, an insect-resistant variety of cotton.

Transgenic cows, for the production of human protein in the milk.

Dolly sheep was the first cloned transgenic animal produced from somatic cells.

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